出入泳池要當心 恐染病毒疣、香港腳

真的很不好意思，大P哥有香港腳！

不過，大P哥是對最後一句話很感興趣…

請看內文：

（健康醫療網／實習記者汪芷安報導）天氣熱，不少爸媽會帶孩子去游泳消暑，不過小朋友皮膚敏感、抵抗力較弱，戶外戲水要注意小心感染病毒疣或香港腳，醫師表示，光腳在公共場所行走，易受到黴菌與病毒感染，到底該怎麼辦？
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開業皮膚科醫師陳玄祥表示，病毒疣是一種人類乳突病毒感染，感染的先決條件是接觸到病毒，第二是本身無法產生足夠的抵抗力。

由於人體對此病毒的抵抗力較弱，只要接觸次數越多、機會越大，感染的風險相對提高，腳易流汗的人，角質層比較容易被破壞、或是腳有傷口，都比較容易感染。另外，香港腳是黴菌感染，可能因光腳出入公共游泳池接觸到香港腳患者留下來的皮屑，上面含有黴菌菌絲而遭受感染。

如何判定是病毒疣或是香港腳？病毒疣有兩個判斷指標，一是黑點，當毒過度快速的繁殖增生導致裡面的血管塞住，看起來會像點狀的結痂，就是形成原因，二是皮膚的紋路改變，病毒疣會造成皮膚紋路被破壞。香港腳的致病黴菌叫皮癬菌，喜愛生長皮膚表面的角質，由於腳底角質層較厚，最常由腳部感染，症狀有搔癢而去摳抓或伴隨腳臭。

陳玄祥提醒，夏天出入公共游泳池，為了降低被黴菌、病毒疣感染，勿在池畔光腳走來走去，腳底若有傷口，容易感染尋常疣造成疼痛不適，建議出入須穿拖鞋，避免皮膚與地面接觸，另外如果不小心光腳行走，從游泳池起身走到淋浴間的路上，在沖洗時最好用力刷洗一下腳底，把可能沾附的香港腳菌絲刷掉，再穿上自己的拖鞋。

1、這不全是我的錯，誰教您抵抗力弱呢？

2、請問：真的用力刷洗一下，就可以刷掉嗎？那我現在刷…能治好香港腳嗎？

這是大P哥的腳嗎？錯！

是老婆大人的腳！

車故障停內車道！ 先按警示燈防被撞

很多人開車在高速公路上，如果車不小心在內線車道故障，此時該怎麼辦？

大P哥說這時候，車主千萬不要慌張，按下列三步驟處理：
1、先按下警示燈。
2、接著趕緊拿出三角警示標誌，放在車子後頭一百公尺處示警。
3、最重要的是：人要躲到路肩報警處理，特別是人站的位置，一定要在車子斜前方的路肩，如果站在車子跟警告標誌之間反而更危險。

民眾開在高速公路的內線車道，前頭的車停了下來，車主反應不及撞上去，連放在車頂的露營用品全都飛出去，高速公路內線車道的突發狀況，總會讓駕駛人來不及反應，這時候車主該如何自保？交通隊的員警說，依據法規規定，三角警示標誌一定要放在車後方一百公尺處，在警示標誌放好後，人要儘快躲到路肩，但如果人是在三角警示標誌跟車子之間，其實也是有危險性，因為車子再躲避警示標誌時，很可能會往外車道跑，這時候在路肩就有被衝撞的危險，如果人是在事故車的斜前方，相對性會比較安全。
員警提醒，不管是車子被撞，還是拋錨停在內線車道，最好的方式立刻按下警示燈，沿著內側車道的路肩，在一百公尺後擺放警告標誌，人在想辦法走到路肩報警，掌握這幾個原則，就能將事故意外發生機會降到最低。

結婚好嗎？結婚的流程是什麼？

大P哥的朋友要結婚了…很恐怖！

因為通常都沒經驗…

要準備什麼呢？

還有…要準備多少錢呢？

這邊整理了結婚前的準備工作，歡迎大家複製。

如果您還來得及 規劃，請看：

婚禮前6-12個月(此階段需花費用：宴客場地訂金／籌錢吧！)

提親：男方前往女方家中提親，找個好老師合個八字，不是問能不能結婚，是問這樣的八字，那一天結婚較適合！所以，順便決定訂/結婚日期。

討論禮俗：北部、南部、中部、東部、客家、閩南、外省、本省…都大不相同，所以，雙方新人與家長要先溝通文定以及六禮/十二禮的細節與聘金，有大聘、小聘，有些是當面子擺可拿回去，有些不行拿回去。

訂酒席：好的日子大家搶，所以要趕快訂下結婚宴客場地，並進行場勘、甚至可以要求餐廳安排試吃。

桌數：可先初估，用男女雙方與家長人數粗估，跟場地經理聯絡好，要預留空間，為可能增加桌數先做準備。

婚紗攝影：收集婚紗公司候選名單並進行比價，還有婚紗、造型參考照片資料統整，通常婚紗公司會備有新娘秘書，可先確認！

新居：與另一半及家人討論婚後住所，搬出去？共住？

其他：決定婚禮主題、形式、地點、預算。

現階段的工作，大多是討論為主！

下個階段，就要真正開始動手做了…不然會有點趕哦！

婚禮前3-6個月(此階段需支付：禮俗用品／婚紗訂金／新郎西服／婚戒首飾／婚前檢查)

禮俗：禮俗用品採買添購，特別是新娘穿戴的飾品、男方要開始準備聘金、女方的嫁妝也要開始規劃了。

喜餅：喜餅公司的選擇，樣式、口味可稍後挑選，但是用西餅還是大餅要有共識，下訂金前要初步數量統計。

喜帖：喜帖公司、款式挑選，開始列出賓客名單。

婚紗：婚紗公司抵定，挑選婚紗拍照禮服、拍攝婚紗照、外拍景點確認、婚紗道具準備。預約拍照日期，與攝影師、造型師溝通場景、造型需求。

婚宴：要租結婚禮車嗎？多少輛呢？婚禮當天除了「吃」之外，還有什麼活動呢？相關MV素材、配樂收集，軟體試用。

新居：新居地點確認，開始準備裝潢或整理。

其他：決定伴娘、伴郎以及其他工作人員名單(婚禮攝影人選)。

挑選婚戒和首飾、完成婚前健康檢查，這挺重要的，要為下一代做準備。

休旅車可以當結婚禮車嗎

開始進入戰鬥期！

婚禮前1-3個月(此階段需支付：喜餅／喜帖／婚紗／相關廠商訂金／蜜月訂金／新居日常用品)

公告：這是最重要的一點，要讓大家知道，開始電話行銷要結婚這件事了，一方面是方便親友安排行程、二方面是要確認人數，那些人要來？那些人要寄！

喜餅：要下訂了，決定喜餅款式、口味，完成數量統計與寄送地點確認。

喜帖：喜帖設計、數量確認了，最好已經印製完成。

訂席：擬訂訂/結婚宴客名單，準備初步桌次表。

婚紗：婚紗照拍攝完畢取相本、謝卡、電子檔、挑選訂婚禮服，宴客前1-3日取禮服。

婚宴：婚宴活動、婚禮音樂歌單、送客禮規劃，包含結婚禮車的座位安排。與新秘、婚攝、佈置、主持人、小物、樂團…等等相關廠商做服務內容的確認。相關MV影片製作完成。

蜜月：蜜月行程挑選，旅行社接洽，護照是否過期？需要再拍些大頭照辦理嗎？想到大陸玩的新人，台胞證呢？。

新居：開始佈置新房，並採購新居日常用品。

其他：確定伴郎、伴娘名單與人數。

婚禮這個月(此階段需支付費用：婚紗尾款／桌錢／相關廠商費用／蜜月／搬家／禮車／紅包)

身體：通常為了結婚，會忙的昏天暗地，但別忘了「洞房一刻值千金」、所以身體要顧好，運動、健身，瘦身、做臉，用最美好的一面，留下最深的記憶！

禮俗：清點各項禮俗用品。

喜餅：喜餅提前或於現場發送確認。

喜帖：喜帖寄送完成

訂席：與宴客場地確認最後桌數、菜色與水酒細節、與宴客場地確認婚宴當日細節與節目流程，相關影片、音樂試播，找時間到餐廳試吃吧。

廣告：再一次，再一次大肆宣傳一下，去電確認賓客到場人數，與桌次安排。為什麼要這麼做？因為禮多人不怪！最重要的…總不希望當天沒人來吧！

婚紗：挑選結婚禮服、白紗，宴客前1-3日取禮服、捧花。

婚宴：與新秘、婚攝確認到場時間，還有造型風格、攝影風格的討論，與並佈置、主持人、小物、樂團…等等相關廠商做最後確認，包含到場時間與服務細節。

蜜月：蜜月行程最後確認，外幣兌換、護照簽證辦理，行李打包完成。

新居：若是結婚當天的洞房，相關的擺設要出來，喜字的張貼、桌椅是否方便賓客坐。

其他：準備婚宴當日流程表，確認各階段工作人員出席時間與協助內容，進行最後的婚禮綵排。禮金登記簿、很多紅包袋方便送禮的人、結婚證書，甚至要準備一些結婚賀詞作為當天的吉祥話！

特別若是有請結婚禮車時，要再確認一次！

大P哥提醒大家：看一下結婚當天的氣象報告，若是下雨，還要幫客人準備熱湯、乾毛巾，甚至是輕便雨衣，可以更顯得主人的貼心！

接下來，就準備結婚了！

Treating Your Dog's Diarrhea

Question: Help! my dog has diarrhea—is there anything in my medicine cabinet or on my kitchen shelf that could be used to save both of us a visit to the vet?

Answer: As a veterinarian, this author sees many patients with minor problems (such as the dog in this story) who could be treated at home safely and effectively. At the same time, there are dogs whose problems, if not addressed early enough by a veterinary professional, suffer more than they need to.

Probably the most common complaint received by veterinarians is that of diarrhea. It’s such an easy condition to identify: The smell is unmistakable, as is its chocolate-pudding appearance. Most of the time, diarrhea is caused by a dietary indiscretion or stressful circumstances, and is self-limiting. Diarrhea is not a disease; rather, it is a symptom of a dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). When associated with bad food or food-borne pathogens, diarrhea serves to rapidly remove pathogens from the GIT before they have a chance to be absorbed and cause more damage.

3 Ways to Treat Diarrhea

Fluids, a bland diet, and over-the-counter medicines can help manage your symptoms and ease diarrhea.

Usually, a bout of diarrhea only lasts a few days, going away on its own without any treatment. “However, severe diarrhea, diarrhea that lasts more than a few days, or prolonged episodes of diarrhea are reasons to see a doctor, as they could indicate something more serious,” says Stephen Bickston, MD, AGAF, professor of internal medicine and director of the inflammatory bowel disease program at Virginia Commonwealth University Health Center in Richmond, Va. It's also important to remember that diarrhea treatments for adults, especially medication, may not be the same for children with diarrhea, so always check with your pediatrician before giving your children any medication.

If you do have diarrhea, here are three ways you can ease your discomfort.

1. Be Sure to Stay Hydrated 

Your body can lose a lot of fluids and salts when you have diarrhea, making dehydration a major concern. Frequent loose and watery stools can quickly lead to fluid loss. Here are some easy ways to stay hydrated:  

Select sports drinks. “Sports drinks make sense and are available in a wide variety of flavors," Dr. Bickston says. Sports drink work because of their sugar and salt content, both allow water to be more easily absorbed, and even more so when taken together. People can make their own sports drinks by adding a teaspoon of salt to a quart of apple juice, Bickston says. “That little amount of salt will help the body absorb fluids but isn't enough to make the apple juice taste bad.” Bickston recommends keeping your drinks at room temperature because a warm drink will sit better with you than a cold one.

Stick to clear liquids. Some other good choices for treating diarrhea include clear broth and water (unless you are traveling out of the country).

Avoid drinks that can worsen symptoms. Caffeinated, alcoholic, and sugary drinks can worsen dehydration. Milk and other dairy products can make your symptoms feel worse because diarrhea can cause temporary lactose-intolerance.

RELATED: Can Your Period Change Your Bathroom Habits?

2. Try Eating a Bland Diet

When dealing with a brief bout of diarrhea, you want to keep your diet bland. You may find it best to only have clear liquids for the first 24 hours. Then, you can slowly add bland foods to your diet. Some bland foods include bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast — otherwise known as the BRAT diet. Crackers and mashed potatoes (minus the butter) are also safe.

If your diarrhea lasts more than a few days, you might want to investigate the foods you are eating, as some can irritate your bowel and make diarrhea worse. These include foods high in fiber (bran, whole grains, brown rice) as well as greasy or excessively sweet foods. Foods that are sweetened with sorbitol may also aggravate diarrhea, Bickston says. If loose stools are a problem, then you may want to avoid these foods.

If you suspect your diarrhea is caused by a certain food, try an elimination diet. Cut the suspected food from your diet until you can determine whether or not it is a problem. If it's not the problem, feel free to keep eating that food. “The difficulty I see in a lot of patients is that they don’t put things back into their diet even if they’re not causing a problem, and now they’ve painted themselves into a dietary corner,” Bickston says. “All they’re eating is mashed potatoes and rice.”

3. Try Some Over-the-Counter Medications

In most cases, over-the-counter medications can be helpful in stopping an occasional bout of diarrhea — especially traveler's diarrhea (ingesting contaminated food or water while abroad). Over-the-counter medications include loperamide (Imodium) and bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol, Kaopectate). “These are reasonable to use on occasion and have the great advantage of not requiring a doctor’s prescription,” Bickston says. However, they should not be used for more than two days.

One thing to keep in mind is that if you take pharmaceutical remedies for traveler's diarrhea, they may make you feel better sooner, but they could keep any bacteria, parasites, or viruses in your system longer. In most cases, diarrhea will go away on its own within in a few days. If your diarrhea persists, talk to your doctor.

What Causes Diarrhea?

Usually, diarrhea is caused by a virus that infects the gut. Some people call it "intestinal flu" or "stomach flu." 

It can also happen due to:

• Alcohol abuse
• Allergies to certain foods
• Diabetes
• Diseases of the intestines (such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis)
• Eating foods that upset the digestive system
• Infection by bacteria (the cause of most types of food poisoning) or other organisms
• Laxative abuse
• Medications
• Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism)
• Radiation therapy
• Running (Some people get “runner’s diarrhea”)
• Some cancers
• Surgery on your digestive system
• Trouble absorbing some nutrients (Doctors call this “malabsorption.”)

Diarrhea may also follow constipation, especially for people who have irritable bowel 

syndrome.

What is Diarrhea

Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day. It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss. Signs of dehydration often begin with loss of the normal stretchiness of the skin and changes in personality. This can progress to decreased urination, loss of skin color, a fast heart rate, and a decrease in responsiveness as it becomes more severe. Loose but non watery stools in babies who are breastfed, however, may be normal.

The most common cause is an infection of the intestines due to either a virus, bacteria, or parasite; a condition known as gastroenteritis. These infections are often acquired from food or water that has been contaminated by stool, or directly from another person who is infected. It may be divided into three types: short duration watery diarrhea, short duration bloody diarrhea, and if it lasts for more than two weeks, persistent diarrhea. The short duration watery diarrhea may be due to an infection by cholera. If blood is present it is also known as dysentery. A number of non-infectious causes may also result in diarrhea, including hyperthyroidism, lactose intolerance, inflammatory bowel disease, a number of medications, and irritable bowel syndrome. In most cases stool cultures are not required to confirm the exact cause.
Prevention of infectious diarrhea is by improved sanitation, clean drinking water, and hand washing with soap. Breastfeeding for at least six months is also recommended as is vaccination against rotavirus. Oral rehydration solution (ORS), which is clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar, is the treatment of choice. Zinc tablets are also recommended. These treatments have been estimated to have saved 50 million children in the past 25 years.[1] When people have diarrhea it is recommended that they continue to eat healthy food and babies continue to be breastfeed. If commercial ORS are not available, homemade solutions may be used. In those with severe dehydration, intravenous fluids may be required. Most cases; however, can be managed well with fluids by mouth. Antibiotics, while rarely used, may be recommended in a few cases such as those who have bloody diarrhea and a high fever, those with severe diarrhea following travelling, and those who grow specific bacteria or parasites in their stool. Loperamide may help decrease the number of bowel movement but is not recommended in those with severe disease.
About 1.7 to 5 billion cases of diarrhea occur per year. It is most common in developing countries, where young children get diarrhea on average three times a year. Total deaths from diarrhea are estimated at 1.26 million in 2013 – down from 2.58 million in 1990. In 2012, it is the second most common cause of deaths in children younger than five (0.76 million or 11%). Frequent episodes of diarrhea are also a common cause of malnutrition and the most common cause in those younger than five years of age. Other long term problems that can result include stunted growth and poor intellectual development.